أطروحة (دكتواره)-جامعة القاهرة، 2022.

ببليوجرافيا: صفحات. 322-331.

استهدف البحث إجراء دراسة مقارنه عن وضع الاقليات فى النظم القضائية فى مصر، وفرنسا، والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من خلال تحليل الوضع الدستوري، والقانوني، والقضائي للأقليات في الدول الثلاثة مبتغيا الوصول إلى نتائج، وتوصيات للاستفادة بها فى إعادة رسم السياسات الدستورية، والقانونية، والقضائية للأقليات في جمهورية مصر العربية، وفى هذا الإطار، وفى سبيل تحقيق تلك الغاية استخدم البحث عده مناهج بحثيه على رأسها المنهج المقارن وهو المنهج المؤسس للبحث، والمنهج القانوني الذى أسس لإخراج الدراسة القانونية ومنهج دراسات الإتباع لتعلق البحث بالمهمشين، والإتباع، ولإيضاح مضمون حقوقهم مستخدما حاله الإدراك، والشعور، وهى حجر الزاوية في تأسيس مضمون حقوق الأقليات كما استخدم البحث المنهج التحليلي في إطار تحليل النصوص، وأحكام القضاء. خلص البحث بعد استخدام المناهج سالفة الذكر إلى أنه، وعلى الرغم من تعدد الدساتير المصرية، واختلاف مناهج تعاطيهم مع مسألة، وقضايا الأقليات، وتأثيرات تلك المناهج على النسيج التشريعي، ومن ثم احكام القضاء المصري إلا أن منهج تعاطى المشرع الدستوري، والقانوني، والقضاء المصري كان أكثر تطوراً من تعاطى المشرع الفرنسي، والأمريكي، وتعاطى القضاء الفرنسي، والأمريكي لمسألة، وقضايا الأقليات، ومنبع ذلك، ومصدرة هو اختلاف رؤية المجتمع المصري عن رؤية المجتمع الفرنسي، والأمريكي لقضايا الأقليات الذى انعكس على رؤية المشرع، ورؤية القضاء فى تلك الدول، ذلك أن المشرع الفرنسي، والأمريكي اتخذ منهجاً واضحاً فى إنكار وجود الأقليات رغبه منه فى صهر الأقليات فى مجتمع الأغلبية، إلا أن المشرع المصري لم يتخذ ذات المسلك. ولا شك أن هذان المسلكان المختلفان أثراً في الاتجاهات القضائية لكل من تلك الدول وانعكس على مدى تطور السياسات الخاصة بالأقليات في تلك الدول. إلا أنه وعلى الرغم من ذلك فإن البحث أنتهى إلى ضرورة إجراء مزيدا من التعديلات الدستورية والقانونية في النظام التشريعي المصري لمزيدٍ من المعالجة وصولاً إلى تأسيس نظاماً قانونياً، وقضائياً يتسم بالاستقرار الراسخ، والسلام الاجتماعي الكامل.

The research aimed to conduc comparative study on th status of minorities in the judicial systems in Egypt, France, and the United States of America by analyzing the constitutional, legal, and judicial status of minorities in the three countries in order to reach results and recommendations for use in redrawing the constitutional, legal and judicial policies of minorities In the Arab Republic of Egypt, and in this context, and in order to achieve that end, the research used several research methods, on top of which is the comparative method, which is the founding method for research, and the legal method that was established to produce the legal study and the follow-up studies approach to the research's attachment to the marginalized, and the followers, and to clarify the content of their rights using the state of awareness And feeling, which is the cornerstone in establishing the content of minority rights. The research also used the analytical method in the framework of analyzing texts, and judicial rulings. The research concluded, after using the aforementioned curricula, that, despite the multiplicity of Egyptian constitutions, and their different approaches to dealing with the issue, minority issues, and the effects of those curricula on the legislative fabric, and then the rulings of the Egyptian judiciary. However, the approach of the constitutional and legal legislator, and the - 3 - Egyptian judiciary, was more developed than that of the French and American legislators and the French and American judiciary dealing with the issue and issues of minorities, and its source is the different vision of the Egyptian society from the vision of the French and American society of minority issues, which was reflected in the vision of the legislator, And the vision of the judiciary in those countries, because the French and American legislators took a clear approach in denying the existence of minorities in their desire to fuse minorities into the majority society, but the Egyptian legislator did not take the same course. There is no doubt that these two different behaviors affected the judicial trends of each of those countries and was reflected in the development of the policies of minorities in those countries. However, despite this, the research concluded that some constitutional and legal amendments should be made in the Egyptian legislative system for further treatment in order to establish a legal and judicial system characterized by firm stability and complete social peace

The research aimed to conduct a comparative study on the status of minorities in the judicial systems in Egypt, France, and the United States of America by analysing the constitutional, legal, and judicial status of minorities in the three countries in order to reach results and recommendations for use in re- drawing the constitutional, legal and judicial policies of minorities In the Arab Republic of Egypt, and in this context, and in order to achieve that end, the research used several research methods, on top of which is the comparative method, which is the founding method for research, and the legal method that was established to produce the legal study and the follow-up studies approach to the research's attachment to the marginalized, and the followers, and to clarify the content of their rights using the state of awareness And feeling, which is the cornerstone in establishing the content of minority rights. The research also used the analytical method in the framework of analysing texts, and judicial rulings.
The research concluded, after using the aforementioned curricula, that, despite the multiplicity of Egyptian constitutions, and their different approaches to dealing with the issue, minority issues, and the effects of those curricula on the legislative fabric, and then the rulings of the Egyptian judiciary. However, the approach of the constitutional and legal legislator, and the Egyptian judiciary, was more developed than that of the French and American legislators and the French and American judiciary dealing with the issue and issues of minorities, and its source is the different vision of the Egyptian society from the vision of the French and American society of minority issues, which was reflected in the vision of the legislator, And the vision of the judiciary in those countries, because the French and American legislators took a clear approach in denying the existence of minorities in their desire to fuse minorities into the majority society, but the Egyptian legislator did not take the same course.
There is no doubt that these two different behaviours affected the judicial trends of each of those countries and was reflected in the development of the policies of minorities in those countries.
However, despite this, the research concluded that some constitutional and legal amendments should be made in the Egyptian legislative system for further treatment in order to establish a legal and judicial system characterized by firm stability and complete social peace.

النص بالعربية والملخص باللغة الإنجليزية والعربية.